Propionibacterium acnes (痤疮丙酸杆菌),Cutibacterium acnes (疮疱表皮杆菌)-BioVector NTCC典型培养物保藏中心
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Propionibacterium acnes (痤疮丙酸杆菌), 最近被重新命名为 Cutibacterium acnes (疮疱表皮杆菌), 是一种常见的皮肤共生细菌。该细菌拥有不同的菌株 (也称为系统发育型, phylotypes 或核糖型, ribotypes)，这些菌株与皮肤健康或疾病（如痤疮）有着不同的关联。
主要菌株类型及其关联
痤疮丙酸杆菌 菌株主要分为三种主要类型（I、II 和 III 型），其中 I 型又细分为 IA1、IA2、IB 和 IC 等亚型。
系统发育型/核糖型 | 关联性 | 主要特征和相关因素 |
|---|---|---|
| I 型 (如 IA1, IC) | 与痤疮密切相关。 | 诱导较高水平的促炎细胞因子 (如 IL-1β、IL-6) 和卟啉产生。这些菌株可能具有特定的基因特征，增强其毒力和在宿主细胞上的粘附性。许多抗生素耐药菌株属于此类。在中国痤疮患者中，IA1是主要的流行类型。 |
| II 型 | 与健康皮肤密切相关。 | 诱导较高水平的抗炎细胞因子 IL-10。通常具有完整的 CRISPR/Cas 系统，这可能限制它们获得潜在的毒力因子。虽然主要与健康皮肤相关，但在中国的某些研究中，II 型菌株也被发现与痤疮相关联。 |
| III 型 | 通常呈中性或与非痤疮性疾病/健康相关。 | 在痤疮皮损中从未被发现，但与进行性黄斑黑色素减退症等其他病症有关联。 |
| IB 型 | 分布相对平衡，在健康和痤疮皮肤上均有发现。 |
重要意义
并非所有的痤疮丙酸杆菌菌株都会导致痤疮。了解不同菌株的特性有助于解释为什么这种细菌既存在于健康人身上，也存在于痤疮患者身上。与痤疮相关的菌株似乎能促进导致炎症性痤疮的炎症反应，而健康相关的菌株可能在维持皮肤微生态平衡中发挥保护作用。这种菌株层面的差异对于开发更具针对性的新型痤疮疗法（例如使用有益菌株的益生菌或针对有害菌株毒力因子的疫苗）至关重要。
NTCC® Propionibacterium acnes (recently renamed Cutibacterium acnes) is a common skin bacterium with diverse strains (also called phylotypes, ribotypes, or clonal complexes) that have distinct associations with health and disease. Some strains are linked to acne, while others are typically found on healthy skin and may even offer a protective effect.
Key Strain Types and Their Associations
Based on extensive genomic and population studies, P. acnes strains are primarily classified into three major types (I, II, and III), with type I further divided into sub-clades (IA1, IA2, IB, IC).
Phylotype/Ribotype | Association | Key Characteristics and Associated Factors |
|---|---|---|
| Type IA1, IC (e.g., RT4, RT5, RT8) | Strongly associated with acne. | Induce higher levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17) and porphyrins. Often carry specific genetic elements (e.g., a linear plasmid with a "tight adhesion" locus) that may increase virulence and adherence to host cells. Many antibiotic-resistant strains belong to these types. |
| Type II (e.g., RT6) | Strongly associated with healthy skin. | Induce higher levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Possess an intact CRISPR/Cas system, which provides "immunity" against phages and foreign DNA, limiting the acquisition of potential virulence factors. |
| Type IB, III (e.g., RT1, RT2, RT3) | Generally neutral or associated with non-acne conditions/health. | Found in a more balanced distribution on both acne and healthy skin. Type III strains have never been found in acne lesions but have been linked to other conditions like progressive macular hypomelanosis. |
Significance
The understanding that specific P. acnes strains have different properties helps explain why the bacterium is found on both healthy individuals and acne patients. The "acne-associated" strains seem to promote the inflammatory responses that lead to acne lesions, while "health-associated" strains may have a protective role in maintaining skin balance. This strain-level difference is crucial for developing novel, more targeted acne therapies, such as probiotics using beneficial strains or vaccines targeting specific virulence factors of harmful strains.
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